THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE NARRATIVE IS TO ANSWER THE QUESTION "WHO DID WHAT?" CERTAIN WORDS ALWAYS TELL US NECESSARY INFORMATION IS MISSING FROM THE REPORT. INSTEAD OF USING THE WORDS: WAS HAS BEEN IS WERE HAD BY BE (TO BE, BEING) READ YOUR SENTENCE CONTAINING THESE WORDS AND ASK YOURSELF 1) WHO DID IT? OR 2) HOW DO I/THEY KNOW THAT?